<?xml 
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
>

<channel xml:lang="en">
	<title>Metropolitics</title>
	<link>https://metropolitics.org/</link>
	<description>Favoriser les d&#233;bats et confronter les savoirs et les savoir-faire sur la ville, l'architecture et les territoires.</description>
	<language>en</language>
	<generator>SPIP - www.spip.net</generator>

	<image>
		<title>Metropolitics</title>
		<url>https://metropolitics.org/local/cache-vignettes/L144xH20/siteon0-bf96f.png?1760617828</url>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/</link>
		<height>20</height>
		<width>144</width>
	</image>



<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Post-Covid Mobilities: A Greener World for Tomorrow?</title>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/Post-Covid-Mobilities-A-Greener-World-for-Tomorrow.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://metropolitics.org/Post-Covid-Mobilities-A-Greener-World-for-Tomorrow.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-13T06:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Thomas &#201;variste &amp; Jean-Baptiste Fr&#233;tigny &amp; Anne Fuzier &amp; Christophe Gay &amp; Maxime Hur&#233; &amp; Thomas Pfirsch</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Covid-19</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public policy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>practices</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>ecological transition</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>climate change</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>lifestyles</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Against the backdrop of the growing climate emergency, Covid-19 radically altered the way mobility is organized. But have the adaptations observed during the pandemic proved to be sustainable? In this series of articles, Metropolitics and the Mobile Lives Forum have joined forces to investigate our changing mobility habits. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; ---- &#9660; Jump to the list of articles in this series &#9660; Over the past 20 years, public policies have set ambitious targets to reduce carbon emissions related to mobility,&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/-Series-.html" rel="directory"&gt;Series&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Covid-19-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Covid-19&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-policy-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public policy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-practices-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;practices&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-ecological-transition-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;ecological transition&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-climate-change-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;climate change&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-lifestyles-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;lifestyles&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Private Infrastructure and Urban Government: How V&#233;lib' Veered Off Course in Paris</title>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/Private-Infrastructure-and-Urban-Government-How-Velib-Veered-Off-Course-in.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://metropolitics.org/Private-Infrastructure-and-Urban-Government-How-Velib-Veered-Off-Course-in.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2019-05-17T05:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Maxime Hur&#233; &amp; translated by Oliver Waine</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>bicycles</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public transportation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>self-service</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban public service</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&#206;le-de-France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Paris region</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greater Paris</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Paris</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>privatization</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public&#8211;private partnership</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>municipal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban services</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban technical networks</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>active mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>V&#233;lib'</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>bicycle-sharing</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>cycling</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;When the city of Paris entrusted its decade-old bike-share service, V&#233;lib', to a new provider in January 2018, multiple problems ensued. Maxime Hur&#233; looks back on the opportunities and pitfalls presented by the changes of scale and operator that this switchover entailed, and sheds light on public authorities' mistakes, misgivings, and above all their growing dependence on large, globalized firms. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; The V&#233;lib' bicycle-sharing system, launched in 2007 in partnership with French&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/-Debates-.html" rel="directory"&gt;Debates&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-bicycles-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;bicycles&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-transportation-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public transportation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mot519-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;self-service&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-public-service-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban public service&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Ile-de-France-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;&#206;le-de-France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Paris-region-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Paris region&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Greater-Paris-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greater Paris&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Paris-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Paris&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-privatization-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;privatization&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-private-partnership-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public&#8211;private partnership&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-municipal-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;municipal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-services-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban services&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-technical-networks-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban technical networks&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-active-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;active mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Velib-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;V&#233;lib'&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-bicycle-sharing-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;bicycle-sharing&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-cycling-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;cycling&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/pdf/met-hure4-en.pdf" length="157821" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Dunkirk as a New &#8220;Laboratory&#8221; for Free Transit</title>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/Dunkirk-as-a-New-Laboratory-for-Free-Transit.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://metropolitics.org/Dunkirk-as-a-New-Laboratory-for-Free-Transit.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2018-06-29T05:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Henri Briche &amp; Maxime Hur&#233; &amp; translated by Oliver Waine</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public transportation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>United States</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>free</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mass transit</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>rapid transit</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>bus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport policy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Dunkerque</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hauts-de-France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nord&#8211;Pas-de-Calais</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Dunkirk</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Northern France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>fares</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;From September 2018, the public transport network in Dunkirk, France, will be free of charge for all users. Henri Briche and Maxime Hur&#233;'s research into the zero-fare system already in place in the city at weekends affirms the feasibility of a public policy that encourages urban development and benefits working-class populations &#8211; but is often decried as being unrealistic and costly. How was this policy forged locally, and what is the current state of the art in fare-free transit in France and&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/-From-the-Field-15-.html" rel="directory"&gt;From the Field&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-France-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-transportation-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public transportation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-United-States-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-free-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;free&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mass-transit-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mass transit&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-rapid-transit-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;rapid transit&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-bus-1277-1277-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;bus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-policy-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport policy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Dunkerque-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Dunkerque&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Hauts-de-France-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hauts-de-France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Nord-Pas-de-Calais-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Nord&#8211;Pas-de-Calais&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Dunkirk-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Dunkirk&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Northern-France-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Northern France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-fares-2248-2248-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;fares&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/jpg/illu-briche-hure-en-new-map.jpg" length="3673001" type="image/jpeg" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/jpg/illu-briche-hure-en-2-new.jpg" length="295729" type="image/jpeg" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/jpg/illu-briche-hure-en-3.jpg" length="272042" type="image/jpeg" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/pdf/met-briche-hure-en.pdf" length="1577499" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Free public transport: from social experiment to political alternative?</title>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/Free-public-transport-from-social.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://metropolitics.org/Free-public-transport-from-social.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-03-20T05:59:01Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Maxime Hur&#233; &amp; translated by Oliver Waine</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>public space</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public transportation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>market</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban public service</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Aubagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public policy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>free</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>mass transit</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport policy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban technical networks</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban services</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;In a work combining storytelling and reflection, a local councillor and a philosopher analyse the policy of free public transport implemented since 2009 in Aubagne, near Marseille. A resounding success with residents, this experiment has opened the way to a stimulating debate on the feasibility of policies that offer an alternative to market-led solutions in urban areas. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Free public transport appears to be something of a taboo subject both in society at large and in the world of the social&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/-Reviews-.html" rel="directory"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-space-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public space&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-transportation-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public transportation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-market-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;market&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-public-service-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban public service&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Aubagne-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;Aubagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-policy-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public policy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-free-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;free&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mass-transit-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mass transit&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-policy-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport policy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-technical-networks-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban technical networks&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-services-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban services&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/pdf/met-hure2-en.pdf" length="123831" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>From V&#233;lib' to Autolib': private corporations' involvement in urban mobility policy</title>
		<link>https://metropolitics.org/From-Velib-to-Autolib-private.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://metropolitics.org/From-Velib-to-Autolib-private.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2012-04-25T06:35:58Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Maxime Hur&#233; &amp; translated by Oliver Waine</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>public&#8211;private partnership</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban public service</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>self-service</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>bicycles</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>cars</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>privatization</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban technical networks</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>urban services</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>V&#233;lib'</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>bicycle-sharing</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>active mobility</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>transport policy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>cycling</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;In December 2011 &#8211; four years after the launch of V&#233;lib' &#8211; Paris inaugurated Autolib', the largest system of self-service electric cars in the world. Leaving aside the debate on the economic and technical viability of Autolib', the development of self-service mobility services has brought with it the increased involvement of large private groups in the production of urban policy, contributing to the privatisation of public spaces and redefining the notion of public service. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; With the&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/-Debates-.html" rel="directory"&gt;Debates&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-public-private-partnership-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;public&#8211;private partnership&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-public-service-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban public service&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-mot519-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;self-service&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-bicycles-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;bicycles&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-cars-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;cars&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-privatization-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;privatization&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-technical-networks-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban technical networks&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-urban-services-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;urban services&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-Velib-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;V&#233;lib'&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-bicycle-sharing-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;bicycle-sharing&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-active-mobility-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;active mobility&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-transport-policy-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;transport policy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://metropolitics.org/+-cycling-+.html" rel="tag"&gt;cycling&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://metropolitics.org/IMG/pdf/MET-Hure-en.pdf" length="115215" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>



</channel>

</rss>
