Ronald Kramer teaches courses in criminology and sociology at the University of Auckland. His research focuses on power asymmetries, criminalization, and social control. This relationship has been explored through empirical studies of graffiti-writing culture in New York City, fieldwork conducted on Rikers Island and, currently, an institutional ethnography of New Zealand’s district courts. He has recently published articles in Theoretical Criminology, the British Journal of Criminology, Punishment and Society, and the Journal of Consumer Culture.